A conventional tailings pond is designed to store both the solid and the water from tailings. Here, the solids segregate and settle, and process water is stored and recovered.
A thickened tailings or paste disposal area is designed to store solids and a little excess water. Recovery of process water is carried out in the thickener before deposition. Due to the higher beach slope, the footprint of the area needed is half the size of a conventional tailings pond. High viscosity in tailings and less water in the pond results in lower embankments. Process water is directly recovered in the overflow from the thickener.
The paste-like material can be pumped to a disposal area for final disposal, or as an alternative, be mixed with a binder and used for backfill in the mine to stabilize the mined-out stopes (rooms). The direct recovery of water will come from the thickener operation and can in many cases be directly reused in concentrator plants. This in turn limits fresh water needs, which is a scarce resource and constraint in many geographical areas. As the tailing ponds with non-segregating paste material are quite stable and hold a low amount of free water, the risk of dam failure is significantly reduced.